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| Dispersion Normalized PMF Provides Insights into the Significant Changes in Source Contributions to PM2.5 after the COVID-19 Outbreak | |
| Dai, Qili1; Liu, Baoshuang1; Bi, Xiaohui1; Wu, Jianhui1; Liang, Danni1; Zhang, Yufen1; Feng, Yinchang1; Hopke, Philip K.2,3 | |
| 2020-08 | |
| 发表期刊 | ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
 |
| ISSN | 0013-936X |
| EISSN | 1520-5851 |
| 摘要 | Factor analysis utilizes the covariance of compositional variables to separate sources of ambient pollutants like particulate matter (PM). However, meteorology causes concentration variations in addition to emission rate changes. Conventional positive matrix factorization (PMF) loses information from the data because of these dilution variations. By incorporating the ventilation coefficient, dispersion normalized PMF (DN-PMF) reduces the dilution effects. DN-PMF was applied to hourly speciated particulate composition data from a field campaign that included the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. DN-PMF sharpened the morning coal combustion and rush hour traffic peaks and lowered the daytime soil, aged sea salt, and waste incinerator contributions that better reflect the actual emissions. These results identified significant changes in source contributions after the COVID-19 outbreak in China. During this pandemic, secondary inorganic aerosol became the predominant PM2.5 source representing 50.5% of the mean mass. Fireworks and residential burning (32.0%), primary coal combustion emissions (13.3%), primary traffic emissions (2.1%), soil and aged sea salt (1.2%), and incinerator (0.9%) represent the other contributors. Traffic decreased dramatically (70%) compared to other sources. Soil and aged sea salt also decreased by 68%, likely from decreased traffic. |
| DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.0c02776 |
| WOS关键词 | PARTICULATE MATTER ; AIR-POLLUTION ; PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS ; ESTIMATING UNCERTAINTY ; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT ; AMBIENT AIR ; QUALITY ; EMISSIONS ; FIREWORKS ; EXHAUST |
| WOS研究方向 | Engineering ; Environmental Sciences & Ecology |
| WOS类目 | Engineering, Environmental ; Environmental Sciences |
| 出版者 | AMER CHEMICAL SOC |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 专题 | 新冠肺炎 循证社会科学证据集成 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Nankai Univ; 2.Clarkson Univ; 3.Univ Rochester |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Dai, Qili,Liu, Baoshuang,Bi, Xiaohui,et al. Dispersion Normalized PMF Provides Insights into the Significant Changes in Source Contributions to PM2.5 after the COVID-19 Outbreak[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY,2020. |
| APA | Dai, Qili.,Liu, Baoshuang.,Bi, Xiaohui.,Wu, Jianhui.,Liang, Danni.,...&Hopke, Philip K..(2020).Dispersion Normalized PMF Provides Insights into the Significant Changes in Source Contributions to PM2.5 after the COVID-19 Outbreak.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. |
| MLA | Dai, Qili,et al."Dispersion Normalized PMF Provides Insights into the Significant Changes in Source Contributions to PM2.5 after the COVID-19 Outbreak".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2020). |
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