Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141129

	Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic
	Patel, Hamesh 1; Talbot, Nick 1; Salmond, Jennifer 1; Dirks, Kim 1; Xie, Shanju 2; Davy, Perry 3
	2020-12
发表期刊	SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
ISSN	0048-9697
EISSN	1879-1026
摘要	The current changes in vehicle movement due to 'lockdown' conditions (imposed in cities worldwide in response to the COVID-19 epidemic) provide opportunities to quantify the local impact of 'controlled interventions' on air quality and establish baseline pollution concentrations in cities. Here, we present a case study from Auckland, New Zealand, an isolated Southern Hemisphere city, which is largely unaffected by long-range pollution transport or industrial sources of air pollution. In this city, traffic flows reduced by 60-80% as a result of a government-led initiative to contain the virus by limiting all transport to only essential services. In this paper, ambient pollutant concentrations of NO2, O-3, BC, PM2.5, and PM10 are compared between the lockdown period and comparable periods in the historical air pollution record, while taking into account changes in the local meteorology. We show that this 'natural experiment' in source emission reductions had significant but non-linear impacts on air quality. While emission inventories and receptor modelling approaches confirm the dominance of traffic sources for NOx (86%), and BC (72%) across the city, observations suggest a consequent reduction in NO2 of only 34-57% and a reduction in BC of 55-75%. The observed reductions in PM2.5 (still likely to be dominated by traffic emissions), and PM10 (dominated by sea salt, traffic emissions to a lesser extent, and affected by seasonality) were found to be significantly less (8-17% for PM2.5 and 7-20% for PM10). The impact of this unplanned controlled intervention shows the importance of establishing accurate, local-scale emission inventories, and the potential of the local atmospheric chemistry and meteorology in limiting their accuracy. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词	Covid-19 Transport Black carbon Particulate Atmospheric pollution Emissions inventories
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141129
WOS关键词	POLLUTION ; OZONE ; CITY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
WOS类目	Environmental Sciences
出版者	ELSEVIER
引用统计
文献类型	期刊论文
专题	新冠肺炎循证社会科学证据集成
作者单位	1.Univ Auckland; 2.Auckland Council; 3.Inst Geol & Nucl Sci
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Patel, Hamesh,Talbot, Nick,Salmond, Jennifer,et al. Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic[J]. SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,2020.
APA	Patel, Hamesh,Talbot, Nick,Salmond, Jennifer,Dirks, Kim,Xie, Shanju,&Davy, Perry.(2020).Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT.
MLA	Patel, Hamesh,et al."Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2020).